The darker rectangles representthosenarrowabilitiesthataremostconsistently represented on tests of cognitive and academic abilities. The ovals represent broad abilities and rect-angles represent narrow abilities. The triarchic model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg categorizes intelligence into three parts: analytical, creative and practical. cognitive abilities, which are subsumed by over 80 narrow abilities.
![cognitive speediness cognitive speediness](https://static.cambridge.org/binary/version/id/urn:cambridge.org:id:binary:20160921020349561-0815:S0954422414000158:S0954422414000158_fig1g.gif)
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences is a theory of intelligence that differentiates it into specific (primarily sensory) modalities, rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability.It does not equate to memory, but it does rely on accessing information from long-term memory. Crystallized intelligence is the ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience.Fluid intelligence is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.Carroll regarded the broad abilities as different 'flavors' of g. The broad abilities recognized by the model are fluid intelligence (Gf), crystallized intelligence (Gc), general memory and learning (Gy), broad visual perception (Gv), broad auditory perception (Gu), broad retrieval ability (Gr), broad cognitive speediness (Gs), and processing speed (Gt). Carroll’s three stratum theory, an influential contemporary model of cognitive abilities. Abbreviations: fluid intelligence (Gf), crystallized intelligence (Gc), general memory and learning (Gy), broad visual perception (Gv), broad auditory perception (Gu), broad retrieval ability (Gr), broad cognitive speediness (Gs), and processing speed (Gt).